Rise of Fascism in Italy (1919-39) — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 11 · History
What Rise of Fascism in Italy (1919-39) covers in ICSE Class 11 History: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 11 History syllabus.
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Topics in Rise of Fascism in Italy (1919-39)
Post-war Italy: why dissatisfaction grew
- Unification of Italy was completed in 1870, but the new state remained weak economically and politically.
- Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance, but when World War I began it remained neutral.
- In 1915 Italy joined the Allied side after the Secret Treaty of London promised Trentino, Trieste, Northern Dalmatia, a sphere of influence in Asiatic Turkey, a war loan, and part of the war indemnity
Rise of Mussolini and the Fascist Party
- Benito Mussolini founded the Italian Fascist Party in 1919.
- The Fascists were called so because fasces meant a bundle of rods with a protruding axe, symbolising the authority of ancient Roman consuls.
- The party had a Socialist and Republican programme at the beginning.
March on Rome and Mussolini's seizure of power
- Facta, the last constitutional Premier of the old type, resigned on 27 October 1922.
- After this, Mussolini decided to march on Rome.
- Mussolini marched with 50,000 black shirts.
Domestic and economic policy under Mussolini
- Mussolini's agricultural slogan was 'Battle of Wheat'.
- The government tried to make Italy economically self-sufficient.
- Iron and steel production doubled by 1930 under Mussolini's economic policy.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Rise of Fascism in Italy through post-war crisis, Mussolini's leadership, seizure of power, and authoritarian rule
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