Rise of Militarism : Japan (1919-37)
ICSE · Class 11 · History
Complete topic list for Rise of Militarism : Japan (1919-37) in ICSE Class 11 History. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Rise of Militarism : Japan (1919-37)
1. Opening of Japan and Early Modernisation
- For two centuries, Japanese ports were closed to all except a few Dutch and Chinese traders.
- On July 8, 1853, four American ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry anchored at Edo Bay.
- Perry carried a letter from President Millard Fillmore to the emperor of Japan.
2. Why Militarism Grew in Japan
- Despite democratic reforms, the army took control of the Japanese government at the beginning of the 1930s.
- The army and Conservatives were strong in the upper house of Parliament and the Privy Council and opposed democracy.
- This influential group was strong enough to topple the government in 1927 and reverse the old policy.
3. Manchuria and Japan’s Aggressive Expansion
- Japan wanted to preserve its economic advantages in Manchuria.
- Manchuria was rich in coal, iron, gold, and timber.
- Now Japanese army invaded and captured Manchuria in September 1931 without any permission from the government.
4. War in China and the Anti-Comintern Pact
- China was torn by civil war between Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang and Mao Zedong’s Communists.
- Chiang Kai-shek became stronger under Kuomintang rule and refused to surrender or accept Japanese terms.
- Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists agreed to cooperate against the Japanese invaders.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Japan's shift from post-war democracy to militarism, expansionism, and conflict in Asia
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