Free, Damped and Forced Oscillations — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 11 · Physics
What Free, Damped and Forced Oscillations covers in ICSE Class 11 Physics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 11 Physics syllabus.
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Topics in Free, Damped and Forced Oscillations
1. Free, Natural, and Damped Oscillations
- A body displaced from equilibrium and left free oscillates with its natural frequency due to restoring force.
- Natural frequency depends on intrinsic properties such as size, elasticity, length, density, and tension, depending on the system.
- Examples of natural frequency include a bob on a thread, tuning fork prongs, sonometer wire, bridges, buildings, ships, and machine parts.
2. Forced Oscillations
- When an external periodic force acts on a body, the body may first try to oscillate with its own natural frequency.
- The external force tries to impose its own frequency, so the motion is irregular at first.
- These irregular oscillations die out after a short time.
3. Resonance
- Resonance is a special case of forced oscillation.
- It occurs when the frequency of the external force is equal to the natural frequency of the body or to its integral multiple.
- At resonance, amplitude becomes very large.
4. Examples and Applications
- Two pendulums of different lengths suspended from a rod can show forced oscillations when one pendulum drives the other.
- The amplitude of forced oscillations of pendulum B is smaller than that of pendulum A.
- When a tuning fork stem is placed on a table, the table vibrates by forced oscillations and the sound becomes more intense.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Oscillatory motion under restoring force, damping, external periodic force, and resonance
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