Superposition of Waves-2 : Stationary (Standing) Waves : Vibration of Air Columns
ICSE · Class 11 · Physics
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1. Bounded Medium and Reflection of Waves
- A bounded medium has definite boundaries separated from other media by distinct surfaces.
- A bounded medium is essential for the formation of stationary waves.
- A wave reflected from a free or open end does not suffer any phase change.
2. Stationary Waves: Formation and Properties
- A stationary wave is formed by superposition of two identical progressive waves of the same speed moving in opposite directions.
- Stationary waves do not transmit energy in the medium.
- The amplitude is zero at nodes and maximum at antinodes.
3. Closed Organ Pipe
- A closed organ pipe is closed at one end and open at the other end.
- The closed end is always a node and the open end is always an antinode.
- A closed pipe produces only odd harmonics.
4. Open Organ Pipe
- An open organ pipe is open at both ends.
- Each open end is an antinode.
- An open pipe produces all harmonics, both even and odd.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Stationary waves in bounded media and their formation in air columns of closed and open organ pipes
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