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Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen — ICSE Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A flowchart illustrating the diverse reduction products of nitrobenzene under various conditions (acidic, neutral, alkaline, electrolytic), showcasing the influence of pH and reagents.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. Amines and Aniline: Core Behaviour

  • Amines are alkyl or aryl derivatives of ammonia.
  • Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of hydrogen atoms of ammonia replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
  • Primary amines contain the -NH2 group, secondary amines contain -NH-, and tertiary amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon groups.
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2. Tests and Distinguishing Reactions of Aniline and Amines

  • Aniline gives the carbylamine test with chloroform and alcoholic KOH or NaOH on heating, producing phenyl carbylamine with a very offensive smell.
  • Aniline gives an orange red dye on diazotisation followed by coupling with alkaline beta-naphthol.
  • Aniline with sodium hypochlorite solution gives a violet colouration that changes to brown.
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3. Diazotisation and Diazonium Salts

  • Diazonium salts have the general formula Ar-N2+X-, where Ar is an aryl group and X- is an anion such as Cl-, Br- or HSO4-.
  • Diazonium salts are prepared from arylamines by diazotisation using ice-cold NaNO2 solution added to a cold aniline-HCl solution.
  • Diazotisation is carried out at 273-278 K.
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4. Reactions of Diazonium Salts

  • Diazonium salts undergo replacement reactions with liberation of nitrogen gas.
  • Replacement by hydrogen occurs with hypophosphorous acid in the presence of cuprous ion catalyst.
  • Replacement by hydroxyl group occurs on boiling aqueous diazonium salt solution with sulphuric acid or by steam distillation.

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Key Concepts

Aniline contains the NH2 group attachedAniline is converted to acetanilide byAll amines are basic because nitrogenAromatic primary amines undergo diazotisationThe diazonium group can be replaced

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen include Organic Nitrogen Compounds — Complete Chapter Mind Map, Classification and Hierarchy of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds, Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen - Overview. These are the concepts ICSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen — ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 105 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

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