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Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen — Revision Notes

ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen revision notes for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics in quick points. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus.

105 questions55 flashcards7 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A flowchart illustrating the diverse reduction products of nitrobenzene under various conditions (acidic, neutral, alkaline, electrolytic), showcasing the influence of pH and reagents.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. Amines and Aniline: Core Behaviour

  • Amines are alkyl or aryl derivatives of ammonia.
  • Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of hydrogen atoms of ammonia replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
  • Primary amines contain the -NH2 group, secondary amines contain -NH-, and tertiary amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon groups.
2

2. Tests and Distinguishing Reactions of Aniline and Amines

  • Aniline gives the carbylamine test with chloroform and alcoholic KOH or NaOH on heating, producing phenyl carbylamine with a very offensive smell.
  • Aniline gives an orange red dye on diazotisation followed by coupling with alkaline beta-naphthol.
  • Aniline with sodium hypochlorite solution gives a violet colouration that changes to brown.
3

3. Diazotisation and Diazonium Salts

  • Diazonium salts have the general formula Ar-N2+X-, where Ar is an aryl group and X- is an anion such as Cl-, Br- or HSO4-.
  • Diazonium salts are prepared from arylamines by diazotisation using ice-cold NaNO2 solution added to a cold aniline-HCl solution.
  • Diazotisation is carried out at 273-278 K.
4

4. Reactions of Diazonium Salts

  • Diazonium salts undergo replacement reactions with liberation of nitrogen gas.
  • Replacement by hydrogen occurs with hypophosphorous acid in the presence of cuprous ion catalyst.
  • Replacement by hydroxyl group occurs on boiling aqueous diazonium salt solution with sulphuric acid or by steam distillation.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Aniline contains the NH2 group attachedAniline is converted to acetanilide byAll amines are basic because nitrogenAromatic primary amines undergo diazotisationThe diazonium group can be replaced

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen include Amines and Aniline: Core Behaviour, Tests and Distinguishing Reactions of Aniline and Amines, Diazotisation and Diazonium Salts, Reactions of Diazonium Salts. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 105 practice questions on Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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