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Biomolecules

ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Biomolecules — ICSE Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

104 questions42 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. Biomolecules and Carbohydrates

  • Biomolecules are complex lifeless organic substances that form the basis of life and are responsible for growth and maintenance of living systems.
  • Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or large polymeric molecules which on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and polyhydroxy ketones.
  • General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y, where x and y are integers and may be the same or different.
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2. Important Monosaccharides: Glucose and Fructose

  • Naturally occurring glucose is α-D-glucose.
  • Glucose is an aldohexose with formula C6H12O6.
  • Glucose is a colourless crystalline solid with melting point 419 K.
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3. Disaccharides: Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose

  • Disaccharides give two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
  • Sucrose, maltose, and lactose all have molecular formula C12H22O11.
  • Disaccharides are formed by condensation between two monosaccharides with elimination of water.
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4. Polysaccharides: Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen

  • Polysaccharides give a large number of monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
  • Polysaccharides are condensation polymers with formula (C6H10O5)n.
  • Starch is the main storage polysaccharide of plants.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxyNaturally occurring glucose is αDisaccharides are carbohydrates that on hydrolysisPolysaccharides are carbohydrates that on hydrolysisAmino acids are the building units

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biomolecules for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Biomolecules include Classification of Carbohydrates – Complete Overview, Comprehensive Classification of Biomolecules, Comprehensive Biomolecules Classification and Structure. These are the concepts ICSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Biomolecules — ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 104 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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