Surveying
ICSE · Class 12 · Geography
Summary of Surveying for ICSE Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Overview
Surveying is the art of determining the positions of objects on the ground by linear and angular measurements and showing them on a flat sheet of paper on a selected scale. It is the basis of map making and helps in measuring areas, preparing layouts, and fixing the relative positions of points on t
Key Concepts
Surveying means measuring an area
Surveying means measuring an area to prepare maps. It includes both linear and angular measurements and gives the relative positions of points on the
Survey can be classified on
Survey can be classified on the basis of accuracy, purpose, and instruments used. Based on accuracy, triangulation is very accurate and traversing is
Plane table survey is based on
Plane table survey is based on the plane table instrument. Its greatest advantage is that field work and plotting are done simultaneously in the field
The plane table is a drawing
The plane table is a drawing board of well-seasoned pinewood fitted on a 1.5 metre tripod stand. It is the main instrument in plane table survey.
The alidade is a flat ruler
The alidade is a flat ruler about 40 to 50 cm long, made of wood or metal. It has an eye vane with three eye holes and a sight vane with a vertical th
Learning Objectives
- Understand the meaning and importance of surveying
- Identify the main bases for classifying surveys
- Describe the instruments used in plane table survey
- Explain the functions of the plane table and its accessories
- Understand the main methods of plane table survey
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