Water Resource and Type of Irrigation — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 12 · Geography
Summary of Water Resource and Type of Irrigation for ICSE Class 12 Geography. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Geography syllabus.
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Overview
Water is a vital natural resource for life, agriculture, industries, transport, and power generation. India faces a serious challenge because water is unevenly distributed in time and space, while demand keeps rising. The chapter explains the availability of water in India, surface water and groundw
Key Concepts
About 71 per cent of
About 71 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with oceanic water, but fresh water constitutes only 3 per cent of total water. Water supports lif
India has 2
India has 2.45 per cent of the world’s area, about 17.4 per cent of the world’s population, and only 4 per cent of the world’s water resources. Total
Surface water includes rivers
Surface water includes rivers, lakes, tanks, ponds, and other water bodies. Rivers are the most important source of surface water in India. The Indus,
Groundwater is rainwater that percolates underground
Groundwater is rainwater that percolates underground through rocks and soil. It is widely used for irrigation, especially in the Great Plains of North
About three
About three-fourths of India’s surface water is polluted. Pollution comes from sewage, industrial waste, chemicals, and untreated effluents. The Yamun
Learning Objectives
- Understand the importance and limited availability of fresh water
- Explain the water resources of India and their distribution
- Distinguish between surface water and groundwater
- Describe the main causes of water pollution and its impact
- Study water conservation methods such as watershed management and rainwater harvesting
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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