Drainage — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 12 · Geography
Summary of Drainage for ICSE Class 12 Geography. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Geography syllabus. Drainage is one of the most important physical features.
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Overview
Drainage is one of the most important physical features of India because rivers shape land, support agriculture, provide water, and influence settlement and transport. Indian drainage is studied through two broad divisions based on evolution: Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. Himalayan rivers
Key Concepts
Indian drainage is classified into Himalayan
Indian drainage is classified into Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers on the basis of evolution and physical characteristics.
Himalayan rivers are typical examples
Himalayan rivers are typical examples of antecedent drainage because they existed before the Himalayas were fully formed and kept cutting through risi
A mighty ancient stream called
A mighty ancient stream called the Indobrahma or Shiwalik river is believed to have carried the combined waters of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra be
The Indobrahma river was broken into
The Indobrahma river was broken into separate systems by upheavals in the western Himalayas and Potwar Plateau and by headward erosion of tributaries.
Peninsular rivers are older
Peninsular rivers are older, flow through shallow and broad valleys, and mainly do lateral cutting instead of vertical cutting.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the evolution of Indian drainage systems.
- Differentiate between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.
- Explain antecedent drainage and consequent drainage.
- Identify the main rivers and tributaries of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems.
- Describe the main Peninsular rivers and their flow patterns.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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