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Water Resource and Type of Irrigation — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Geography

What Water Resource and Type of Irrigation covers in ICSE Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

70 questions48 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Water Resource and Type of Irrigation

1

1. Water as a Resource and Water Availability in India

  • About 71 per cent of the earth's surface is covered with oceanic water, but fresh water constitutes only 3 per cent of the total water.
  • India occupies only 2.45 per cent of the world's surface area and has about 17.4 per cent of the world's population.
  • India has only 4 per cent of the world's water resources.
2

2. Surface Water and Groundwater

  • Surface water is available in rivers, lakes, tanks, ponds and other water bodies.
  • Rivers are the most important source of surface water in India.
  • Three major rivers of North India, namely the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, carry nearly 60 per cent of India's total surface water.
3

3. Water Demand, Water Pollution, and Conservation

  • India is basically an agricultural country where 54.6 per cent of the population depends on agriculture.
  • Agriculture is the largest consumer of water.
  • Agriculture accounts for 89 per cent of surface water utilisation and 92 per cent of groundwater utilisation.
4

4. National Water Policy and Water Conservation Priorities

  • National Water Policy 2002 sets water allocation priorities in a definite order.
  • The priority order is drinking water, irrigation, hydroelectric generation, industrial, and other miscellaneous uses.
  • Drinking water for all human beings and animals has the first priority.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Water resources and irrigation in India

Importance of waterWater resources of IndiaSurface waterGroundwaterWater demand and utilisationWater pollutionWater conservationWatershed management

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Water Resource and Type of Irrigation for ICSE Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Water Resource and Type of Irrigation include Water as a Resource and Water Availability in India, Surface Water and Groundwater, Water Demand, Water Pollution, and Conservation, National Water Policy and Water Conservation Priorities. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Water Resource and Type of Irrigation for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 70 practice questions on Water Resource and Type of Irrigation. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All ICSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus

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