Human Body: Digestive System

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Digestion is the process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body. For example, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into am…

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The five steps of nutrition are: (1) Ingestion – taking in food, (2) Digestion – breaking down food, (3) Absorption – absorbing nutrients in the small intestine, (4) Assimilation – using nutrients by …

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Ingestion is the process of taking food into the body through the mouth. It is the first step in nutrition. For example, when you eat a chapati, you are ingesting food.

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Egestion is the process of removing undigested food (faeces) from the body through the anus. It is the final step in the digestive process.

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The main organs are: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. These form the alimentary canal through which food passes.

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The oesophagus, or food pipe, carries food from the mouth to the stomach through wave-like muscle movements called peristalsis. No digestion occurs here.

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Peristalsis is the wave-like movement of muscles in the walls of the oesophagus and other parts of the digestive tract that pushes food forward. It works even if you are upside down!

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In the stomach, food is mixed with gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. The acid kills germs and activates pepsin, which breaks down proteins into peptones. The stomach ch…