Cell - The Structure and Functions

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A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit that can perform all life processes. For example, our body is made up of billions of cells working t…

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Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665. He used a simple microscope to observe a thin slice of cork and saw box-like structures that reminded him of monks' rooms, which he called 'cells'.

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Cells are called building blocks because all living things are made of cells. Just like bricks build a house, cells build the body of every organism — from tiny bacteria to large trees and animals.

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Unicellular organisms are made of only one cell (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium), while multicellular organisms are made of many cells (e.g., humans, plants). In multicellular organisms, different cells per…

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Unicellular: Amoeba, Paramecium. Multicellular: Human, Neem tree. Unicellular organisms do all life functions in one cell, while multicellular organisms divide work among specialized cells.

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Protoplasm is the living substance inside a cell. It includes the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is jelly-like and carries out all life activities like growth and reproduction.

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The three main parts of a cell are: (1) Cell membrane, (2) Cytoplasm, and (3) Nucleus. These are present in both plant and animal cells.

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The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell. It controls what enters and exits the cell. It is selectively permeable, meaning only certain substances can pass through.