Cell Biology and Biotechnology — Flashcards

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Cytology is the study of the structure, types, organelles, and division of cells. It forms the basis of cell biology and helps explain how living bodies grow and function.

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Stem cells are special undifferentiated cells that can give rise to all other cell types. They help in growth, repair, and wound healing in multicellular organisms.

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Stem cells are of two types: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells come from early development, while adult stem cells are found in the body after birth.

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Embryonic stem cells can form many different cell types because they are pleuripotent. If collected during the 5th to 7th day and given proper biochemical stimulus, they can develop into desired cells…

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Stem cell samples are carefully collected from sources such as cord blood, red bone marrow, or embryo and stored in liquid nitrogen at -135°C to -190°C. This keeps them usable for future treatment.

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Stem cells can form new cells to replace damaged ones. They are used in regenerative therapy, blood cell production, and organ repair when tissues or organs are damaged.

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Stem cells can help produce tissues or organs that may later be transplanted into the body. This can reduce dependence on donor organs and help in serious organ failure.

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Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells, tissues, or biological molecules for human welfare. It is useful in agriculture, medicine, industry, and environmental protection.