Carbon compounds
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
Flashcards for Carbon compounds — Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What are carbon compounds? Why are they also called organic compounds?
Answer
Carbon compounds are compounds that contain carbon as a constituent element. They are called organic compounds because it was initially believed that these compounds are obtained directly or indirectl…
What is a covalent bond? Why does carbon form covalent bonds?
Answer
A covalent bond is formed by sharing of valence electrons between atoms. Carbon forms covalent bonds because: 1. Carbon has 4 valence electrons 2. It cannot easily gain or lose 4 electrons to form ion…
What is catenation? Why is carbon unique in this property?
Answer
Catenation is the ability of carbon atoms to form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, resulting in formation of large molecules. Carbon is unique because: 1. C-C bonds are strong and stable…
What are hydrocarbons? Give examples of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes): Have only single bonds. Examples: Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆) Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Have do…
Draw the structural formula of methane (CH₄) and explain its bonding.
Answer
Structural formula: H-C-H with H above and below C Bonding explanation: - Carbon has 4 valence electrons - Forms 4 single covalent bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms - Each H contributes 1 electron, C contri…
What is a functional group? Give three examples with their structural formulas.
Answer
A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that determines the characteristic chemical properties of organic compounds. Examples: 1. Alcohol group: -OH 2. Carboxylic acid group: -COOH 3. Aldehyde…
What is a homologous series? List three characteristics of homologous series.
Answer
A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having the same functional group and similar chemical properties, with successive members differing by a -CH₂- unit. Characteristics: 1. Successive …
Write the general molecular formula for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Answer
Alkanes (saturated): CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ Example: For n=3, C₃H₈ (propane) Alkenes (one double bond): CₙH₂ₙ Example: For n=3, C₃H₆ (propene) Alkynes (one triple bond): CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ Example: For n=3, C₃H₄ (propyne)…
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