Chapter 14 of 16
Revision Notes
Biomolecules — Revision Notes
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Biomolecules revision notes for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics in quick points. Part of the Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry syllabus.
44 questions20 flashcards5 concepts
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Key Topics to Revise
1
14.1 Introduction and Classification of Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are large molecules found in living organisms
- Primary structural materials: proteins and cellulose
- Energy sources: carbohydrates and lipids
2
14.2 Carbohydrates - Structure and Classification
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
- General formula: Cx(H2O)y (hydrates of carbon)
- Classification: Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides
3
14.2.3-14.2.10 Glucose Structure and Properties
- Glucose preparation: From sucrose (acid hydrolysis) or starch (industrial method)
- Structural evidence: C6H12O6, straight chain, one aldehyde group, five OH groups
- Optical isomerism: 4 chiral carbons, D-configuration, dextrorotatory (+52.7°)
4
14.2.9 Important Disaccharides
- Sucrose: α-glucose (C-1) + β-fructose (C-2), non-reducing, invert sugar on hydrolysis
- Maltose: Two glucose units, α-1,4-glycosidic bond, reducing sugar
- Lactose: β-galactose (C-1) + glucose (C-4), β-1,4-glycosidic bond, reducing sugar
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Full NotesKey Concepts
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketonesGlucose (C6H12O6) exists in open chainFormed by condensation of two monosaccharidesαFour levels
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the important topics in Biomolecules for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Biomolecules include 1 Introduction and Classification of Biomolecules, 2 Carbohydrates - Structure and Classification, 2.3-14.2.10 Glucose Structure and Properties, 2.9 Important Disaccharides. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Biomolecules for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 44 practice questions on Biomolecules. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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