Biomolecules — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for Biomolecules (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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Define carbohydrates and give their general molecular formula representation.
Answer
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds which give rise to such units on hydrolysis. They are also called saccharides (Greek word 'sakkharon' means sugar). General formula: Cx(…
How are carbohydrates classified based on their hydrolysis behavior?
Answer
Carbohydrates are classified into three groups: 1) Monosaccharides - do not hydrolyze further (glucose, fructose) 2) Oligosaccharides - yield 2-10 monosaccharide units on hydrolysis (sucrose, maltose,…
What is the IUPAC nomenclature system for monosaccharides? Give examples.
Answer
General name: Glycose. Aldose = contains aldehydic carbonyl group (-CHO). Ketose = contains ketonic carbonyl group (C=O). Names modified by number of carbons: Glucose (C6H12O6) = aldohexose (6C aldose…
Write the chemical equation for preparation of glucose from sucrose.
Answer
C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (Sucrose) + H⁺, Δ → (Glucose) + (Fructose) Method: Sucrose is hydrolyzed by warming with dilute HCl or H2SO4 for 2 hours. Glucose crystallizes out first when ethan…
How many chiral carbons are present in glucose? What is the significance of this?
Answer
Glucose has 4 chiral carbons (C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5). Significance: With n chiral carbons, maximum 2ⁿ optical isomers are possible. For aldohexose: 2⁴ = 16 optical isomers possible. Glucose is one of the…
Explain the ring structure of glucose and the concept of anomers.
Answer
Glucose exists in cyclic form due to reaction between -CHO group and -OH group at C-5, forming hemiacetal. This creates two ring structures (α and β anomers) that differ in configuration of C-1 (anome…
Why does glucose give positive Tollens test and Fehling test?
Answer
Glucose gives positive Tollens and Fehling tests because it has a hemiacetal group in its ring structure, which is a potential aldehyde group. The hemiacetal can open to form the free aldehyde group (…
Write the hydrolysis equation of sucrose and explain why it's called 'inversion of sucrose'.
Answer
C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (Sucrose) + H⁺/invertase → (D-(+)glucose) + (D-(-)fructose) [α]D²⁰ = +66.5° → [α]D²⁰ = +52.7° + [α]D²⁰ = -92.4° Called 'inversion' because: Sucrose is dextrorotato…
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