Globalization and the Indian Economy
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Social Science
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1. Meaning of Globalisation and MNCs
- Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.
- In this chapter, globalisation is understood mainly through foreign trade and foreign investment by multinational corporations.
- A multinational corporation is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation.
2. How MNCs Spread Production Across Countries
- MNCs set up production near markets, where labour is available at low cost, where other production needs are available, and where government policies are favourable.
- MNCs may set up joint production with local companies.
- Local companies benefit from additional investment and new technology when they work with MNCs.
3. Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
- Foreign trade has long been the main channel connecting countries.
- Foreign trade creates an opportunity for producers to sell beyond domestic markets.
- Imports expand the choice of goods available to buyers.
4. Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation
- Globalisation has been enabled by rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies, and pressure from international organisations such as WTO.
- Technology has improved especially in transportation and information and communication technology.
- Containers have led to a huge reduction in port handling costs and increased the speed of exports.
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