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Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization)

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · History

Quick revision notes for Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A timeline illustrating the different phases of the Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization: Early Harappan, Mature Harappan, and Late Harappan, with their respective time spans.
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Time span, phases, and settlements

  • The total time span of the Harappan civilization ranges from 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE.
  • Early Harappan is the formative phase, from 6000 BCE to 2600 BCE.
  • Mature Harappan is the urban and most prosperous phase, from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
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2. Archaeological discovery and interpretation

  • Archaeology depends on material remains such as houses, pots, ornaments, tools, seals, drains, and burials.
  • Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the ASI and is often called the father of Indian archaeology.
  • Cunningham focused on Early Historic and later periods and missed the significance of the Harappan seal given to him.
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3. Urban planning, bricks, drains, and houses

  • Harappan cities show careful planning in streets, houses, drains, and platforms.
  • At Mohenjodaro, the Citadel owed its height to buildings constructed on mud brick platforms.
  • The Lower Town was also walled and had buildings on platforms.
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4. Social differences, burials, and luxury goods

  • Archaeologists study burials and artefacts to understand social and economic differences.
  • Harappans generally did not bury precious things with the dead.
  • Burials were usually in pits, though some burial pits were lined with bricks.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

An ancient civilization of the IndusThe Early Harappan phase lasted fromHarappan cities show planned streetsHarappan bricks followed a uniform ratioSites such as Chanhudaro specialised

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 History?
Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 History?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 37 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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