Kinship, Caste and Class (Early Societies) (c. 600 BCE-600 CE) — Revision Notes
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · History
Kinship, Caste and Class (Early Societies) (c. 600 BCE-600 CE) revision notes for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 History: 4 topics in quick points.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. The Mahabharata as a historical source
- The Mahabharata is a colossal Sanskrit epic with over 100,000 verses.
- It was composed over about 1,000 years from c.500 BCE onwards.
- Its story centres on a feud over land and power between the Kauravas and the Pandavas.
2. Kinship, patriliny, and marriage
- The Mahabharata is also a story about kinship conflict within the Kuru family.
- The Kauravas were sons of Dhritarashtra and the Pandavas were sons of Pandu.
- Since Dhritarashtra was blind, his younger brother Pandu ascended the throne of Hastinapura.
3. Gotra, Satavahanas, and kinship rules
- Gotra classification is evident from c.1000 BCE onwards.
- Each gotra was named after a Vedic seer.
- Women were expected to give up the father’s gotra and adopt the husband’s gotra on marriage.
4. Varna, jati, and social hierarchy
- Caste refers to a set of hierarchically ordered social categories.
- Brahmanical texts placed Brahmanas first and Shudras and untouchables at the bottom.
- Positions in the ideal order were supposedly determined by birth.
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