Analysis of Data

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Statistics is the science of collection, classification and tabulation of numerical facts which helps in explanation, description and comparison of phenomena.

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Analysis of data is a technique through which significant facts from numerical data are extracted. It helps in understanding the meaning hidden in raw numbers.

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Central tendency refers to the tendency of data to cluster towards a central location or value. It gives one representative value for a group of data.

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The purpose of computing an average value for a set of data is to obtain a single value which is representative of all the items and which the mind can grasp simply and quickly.

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The functions of averages are: converting collected raw data into brief form, facilitating comparison between groups, presenting a representative value, and facilitating future policy and programme.

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Arithmetic mean is a measure of central tendency obtained by dividing the sum of items by the number of items. It is the mathematical average.

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Arithmetic Mean (basic): x̄ = (Σx)/(N), where x = item, Σx = sum of the item, N = number of items, and x̄ = arithmetic mean.

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Arithmetic Mean - Shortcut method (Individual series): x̄ = A + (Σdx)/(N), where A = assumed mean, dx = deviation of x from assumed mean (x - A), and N = number of items.