Groups And Leadership
NIOS · Class 10 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Groups And Leadership — NIOS Class 10 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Importance and Characteristics of Groups
- A group is a collection of individuals working together toward a common goal under the direction of a leader.
- Groups are central to human life because they help satisfy social, emotional, and task-related needs.
- Groups provide belongingness, identity, recognition, prestige, security, and status.
2. Group Dynamics, Cohesiveness, and Conformity
- Group dynamics means the process by which the behavior of one member influences the behavior of other members in the group.
- Group dynamics is affected by individual personality, social situation, and cultural traditions.
- Cohesiveness is the shared perspective that binds members of a group or community together.
3. Us and Them, Social Facilitation, Social Loafing, Group Polarization, and Group Think
- People often classify others into 'us' and 'them' on the basis of shared characteristics.
- This social categorization can lead to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.
- Categorization has an adaptive function because responding to every person individually would overload cognitive assessment.
4. Formal and Informal Groups and Group Development
- Formal groups are established for a specific purpose and are formed to meet clearly defined goals.
- Examples of formal groups include student project groups, committees, boards, and commissions.
- Informal groups form naturally from interaction among individuals over time.
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