Motivation And Emotion
NIOS · Class 10 · Psychology
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1. Nature of Motivation
- Motivation is a want or need that moves a person towards a goal.
- Motives, wants, needs, interests, and desires explain movement towards chosen goals.
- Motivation has an arousal and activation aspect: too little arousal makes a person dull and relaxed, while too much arousal can cause withdrawal.
2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Abraham Maslow proposed that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy.
- A person must fulfil lower-level needs before moving to higher levels.
- The five levels from lowest to highest are: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
3. Primary Needs, Homeostasis, Hunger, and Thirst
- Primary needs are biological needs and are cyclical.
- Examples of primary needs include hunger, thirst, oxygen, rest, sleep, temperature regulation, warmth, shelter, excretion, and sex.
- Homeostasis is the body’s attempt to maintain physiological balance.
4. Secondary Needs and Social Motives
- Secondary needs are psychological or social motives.
- They are learned through social groups, especially family.
- Common social motives include achievement, affiliation, power, nurturance, aggression, and exploration.
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