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Syllabus

Acids, Bases and Salts — Syllabus

Punjab Board · Class 10 · Science

What Acids, Bases and Salts covers in Punjab Board Class 10 Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the Punjab Board Class 10 Science syllabus.

45 questions31 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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An infographic showing common acid-base indicators (litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, turmeric, red cabbage) and the distinct color changes they exhibit in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions.
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4 Topics · Punjab Board Class 10 Science · 2026-27

Topics in Acids, Bases and Salts

1

Indicators — Natural and Synthetic

  • An indicator is a substance that shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions, helping us identify the nature of a substance.
  • Litmus is a natural indicator extracted from lichen (a plant from division Thallophyta). Its colour is purple in neutral solution.
  • Acids turn BLUE litmus RED. Bases turn RED litmus BLUE.
2

Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

  • REACTION WITH METALS: Acids react with metals to produce salt + hydrogen gas. Bases (like NaOH) also react with some metals (like Zn) to produce salt + hydrogen gas.
  • Test for hydrogen gas: It burns with a 'pop' sound when a burning candle is brought near it.
  • Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H₂↑)
3

Ionic Nature of Acids and Bases — H⁺ and OH⁻ ions

  • All acids produce H⁺ (hydrogen) ions in aqueous solution. The H⁺ ion is responsible for all acidic properties.
  • Glucose and alcohol also contain hydrogen but do NOT produce H⁺ ions — hence they are NOT acidic.
  • Activity 2.8 (conductivity test): HCl and H₂SO₄ solutions conduct electricity (bulb glows) because they produce ions. Glucose and alcohol solutions do NOT conduct electricity.
4

pH Scale and Its Importance

  • pH stands for 'potenz' (German word for power) — it measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
  • pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
  • pH = 7 → Neutral solution (e.g., pure water)

Key Concepts

Acids are chemical compounds that produceBases are chemical compounds that produceIndicators are substances that change colourThe pH scale is a numericalA neutralisation reaction occurs when

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Acids, Bases and Salts for Punjab Board Class 10 Science?
Key topics in Acids, Bases and Salts include Indicators — Natural and Synthetic, Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases, Ionic Nature of Acids and Bases — H⁺ and OH⁻ ions, pH Scale and Its Importance. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Punjab Board Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Acids, Bases and Salts for the Punjab Board Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Acids, Bases and Salts. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Punjab Board Class 10 Science Syllabus

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