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Metals and Non-metals — Syllabus

Punjab Board · Class 10 · Science

What Metals and Non-metals covers in Punjab Board Class 10 Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the Punjab Board Class 10 Science syllabus.

45 questions30 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A comparative diagram illustrating key physical properties of metals such as metallic lustre, hardness, malleability, ductility, and conductivity (heat and electricity). Show examples of metals exhibi
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4 Topics · Punjab Board Class 10 Science · 2026-27

Topics in Metals and Non-metals

1

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals

  • Metals are generally solid at room temperature. Exception: Mercury (Hg) is a liquid metal at room temperature.
  • Metals have a shiny appearance called metallic lustre. Non-metals generally lack lustre. Exception: Iodine is a lustrous non-metal.
  • Metals are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets). Gold and silver are the most malleable metals.
2

Chemical Properties of Metals – Reactions with Oxygen, Water, and Acids

  • Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide (basic in nature). Example: 2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO (black copper oxide).
  • Aluminium forms aluminium oxide: 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃.
  • Amphoteric oxides react with BOTH acids and bases. Examples: Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and Zinc oxide (ZnO).
3

Reactivity Series and Displacement Reactions

  • The reactivity series arranges metals in DECREASING order of reactivity: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > [H] > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au.
  • Hydrogen is placed in the reactivity series to compare metal reactivity — metals above H displace it from dilute acids.
  • Metals below H in the series (Cu, Hg, Ag, Au) do NOT react with dilute acids to produce H₂.
4

Ionic Compounds – Formation and Properties

  • Metals tend to LOSE electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration (like noble gases) — they form positive ions (cations).
  • Non-metals tend to GAIN electrons — they form negative ions (anions).
  • When a metal transfers electrons to a non-metal, ionic bonds are formed. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound or electrovalent compound.

Key Concepts

Metals have a shinyMalleability is the ability to beMetals are excellent conductors of heatMetals that produce a clearDifferent metals react with oxygen

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Metals and Non-metals for Punjab Board Class 10 Science?
Key topics in Metals and Non-metals include Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Chemical Properties of Metals – Reactions with Oxygen, Water, and Acids, Reactivity Series and Displacement Reactions, Ionic Compounds – Formation and Properties. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Punjab Board Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Metals and Non-metals for the Punjab Board Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Metals and Non-metals. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Punjab Board Class 10 Science Syllabus

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