The Fundamental Unit of Life — Flashcards
Punjab Board · Class 9 · Science
30 flashcards for The Fundamental Unit of Life (Punjab Board Class 9 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is a cell and who first discovered it?
Answer
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Robert Hooke first discovered cells in 1665 while examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope. He saw compartments res…
Explain the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Give two examples of each.
Answer
Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that performs all life functions independently. Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Chlamydomonas, bacteria. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells…
What are the three main features visible in almost every cell under a microscope?
Answer
The three main features visible in almost every cell are: (1) Plasma membrane (cell membrane) - the outermost covering that separates cell contents from external environment; (2) Nucleus - the membran…
Why is the plasma membrane called a 'selectively permeable membrane'?
Answer
The plasma membrane is called selectively permeable because it allows some substances to enter and exit the cell while preventing the movement of other substances. It permits the passage of gases like…
A plant cell is placed in pure distilled water. Predict what will happen and explain using osmosis concepts.
Answer
The plant cell will gain water by osmosis because pure distilled water is a hypotonic solution (very dilute with high water concentration). Water molecules move from high water concentration (outside)…
What is plasmolysis? Describe what you would observe if you added a strong salt solution to an onion peel cell.
Answer
Plasmolysis is the shrinkage or contraction of the cell cytoplasm away from the cell wall when a living plant cell loses water. When you add a strong salt solution to an onion peel cell, you create a …
Compare diffusion and osmosis. How are they related?
Answer
Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of any substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion spe…
What is the cell wall? Which organisms have cell walls and what is its composition in plants?
Answer
The cell wall is a rigid outer covering present outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it is mainly composed of cellulose, a complex polysaccharide that provides s…
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