Atoms and Molecules — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 10 · Science
36 flashcards for Atoms and Molecules (Tamil Nadu Board Class 10 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is an atom?"
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What is an atom?
Answer
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. According to modern atomic theory, atoms contain subatomic particles: protons (positive charge), ne…
Define atomic mass unit (amu) and explain why it is used.
Answer
An atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. It is used because individual atoms are extremely small and have very small masses (around 10⁻²³ grams). Using amu …
Calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine given: Cl-35 (75% abundance) and Cl-37 (25% abundance).
Answer
Relative atomic mass of Cl = (35 × 0.75) + (37 × 0.25) = 26.25 + 9.25 = 35.5 amu. This calculation considers the weighted average of both isotopes based on their natural abundance on Earth. The result…
What are isotopes? Give two examples.
Answer
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number (number of protons) but different mass numbers (different number of neutrons). This means they have different atomic masses. Exa…
Why does carbon in the periodic table show an atomic mass of 12.01 amu instead of exactly 12 amu?
Answer
Carbon has two naturally occurring isotopes: C-12 (98.9% abundance) and C-13 (1.1% abundance). The atomic mass shown in the periodic table is the weighted average of these isotopes: (12 × 0.989) + (13…
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
Answer
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties. A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound made of two or more atoms bonded together. Key differences: (1…
Define a molecule and classify O₂ and H₂O by atomicity and composition type.
Answer
A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules are classified by: (1) Atomicity - number of atoms: Diatomic (2 atoms), Triatomic (3 atoms), Polyatomic (>3 …
Calculate the relative molecular mass of H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid). (Atomic masses: H=1, S=32, O=16)
Answer
Relative molecular mass of H₂SO₄ = (2 × 1) + (1 × 32) + (4 × 16) = 2 + 32 + 64 = 98 amu. This means one molecule of H₂SO₄ is 98 times as heavy as 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom. If expressed as gram molec…
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