Nuclear Physics — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 10 · Science
30 flashcards for Nuclear Physics (Tamil Nadu Board Class 10 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is radioactivity and who first discovered it?
Answer
Radioactivity is the phenomenon of spontaneous emission of harmful radiations (alpha, beta, and gamma rays) from unstable nuclei. It was discovered in 1896 by French physicist Henri Becquerel when he …
Calculate the radioactivity in terms of Becquerel if a sample has 3.7×10¹⁰ disintegrations per second.
Answer
Given: Disintegrations = 3.7×10¹⁰ per second Since 1 Becquerel (Bq) = 1 disintegration per second Therefore, 3.7×10¹⁰ disintegrations/sec = 3.7×10¹⁰ Bq Alternatively, this equals 1 Curie (1 Ci = 3.7×1…
Distinguish between natural and artificial radioactivity.
Answer
Natural Radioactivity: Elements spontaneously emit radiation without human intervention. Elements with atomic number >82 (like Uranium, Radium) exhibit this. Process: Spontaneous and uncontrolled. Ar…
What are alpha particles and list their key properties.
Answer
Alpha particles are helium nuclei (₂He⁴) consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Key Properties: - Charge: +2e (positively charged) - Ionizing power: 100 times greater than beta rays, 10,000 times gr…
Compare the penetrating power of alpha, beta, and gamma rays with examples.
Answer
Alpha Rays: Lowest penetrating power. Stopped by thick paper or human skin. Example: Cannot penetrate protective clothing in medical settings. Beta Rays: Intermediate penetrating power. Can penetrate…
What are beta particles and how do they differ from alpha particles?
Answer
Beta particles are electrons (₋₁e⁰) - basic elementary particles in atoms. Key Properties: - Charge: -e (negatively charged) - Ionizing power: Comparatively low (100 times less than alpha) - Penetrat…
Explain gamma rays and why they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
Answer
Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves consisting of photons with very high energy. Key Properties: - Nature: Electromagnetic radiation (not particles) - Charge: Zero (neutral) - Ionizing power: Very l…
State and explain Soddy and Fajan's displacement law for alpha decay.
Answer
Soddy and Fajan's Displacement Law for Alpha Decay (1913): When a radioactive element emits an alpha particle, the daughter nucleus has: - Mass number: Decreases by 4 units - Atomic number: Decreases…
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