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Sex Determination

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Sex Determination — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

40 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Types of Chromosomes

  • There are two types of chromosomes: autosomes and allosomes (sex chromosomes).
  • Autosomes control somatic (body) traits and are present in pairs in both males and females.
  • Allosomes determine the sex of an individual and differ between males and females.
2

Chromosomal Theory of Sex Determination

  • Sex is determined by the type of sex chromosomes present in the zygote after fertilization.
  • Two main patterns: male heterogamety (XY system) and female heterogamety (ZW system).
  • In male heterogamety, males produce two types of gametes (X and Y), while females produce only X gametes.
3

Types of Sex Determination Mechanisms

  • XX-XO system: Found in grasshoppers, bugs; males have XO (one X), females have XX.
  • XX-XY system: Found in humans and Drosophila; males XY, females XX.
  • ZO-ZZ system: Found in moths and butterflies; females ZO, males ZZ.
4

Sex Determination in Drosophila – Genic Balance Theory

  • Calvin Bridges proposed the genic balance theory for Drosophila.
  • Sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes (X/A ratio), called the sex index.
  • If X/A = 1.0 or more → Female; if X/A = 0.5 or less → Male; if between 0.5 and 1.0 → Intersex.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Autosomes are chromosomes that carry genesSex is determined by the typeProposed by Calvin BridgesIn honeybeesWhile chromosomes determine sex

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Sex Determination for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Sex Determination covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Sex Determination — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 40 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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