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Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

42 questions28 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material

  • Griffith's experiment (1928) showed bacterial transformation: non-virulent R-strain became virulent when mixed with heat-killed S-strain.
  • Avery, MacLeod & McCarty (1944) proved DNA is the 'transforming principle' by showing only DNA can cause transformation.
  • Hershey-Chase experiment (1952) used radioactive labeling: DNA (labeled with P-32) entered bacteria, not protein (labeled with S-35), proving DNA is genetic material.
2

Structure of DNA

  • DNA is a double helix made of two antiparallel strands.
  • Each nucleotide has deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C).
  • A pairs with T via 2 hydrogen bonds; G pairs with C via 3 hydrogen bonds.
3

RNA and Its Types

  • RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
  • Three main types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
  • mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome.
4

Central Dogma and Gene Expression

  • Central Dogma: DNA → RNA → Protein.
  • Replication: DNA makes a copy of itself.
  • Transcription: DNA to mRNA in nucleus.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Experiments by GriffithDNA is a double helix madeGenetic information flows from DNA →Not all genes are active atThe genetic code is a set

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 42 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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