Mineral Resources-Iron Ore, Manganese, Bauxite and Energy Resources -Conventional (Coal, Petroleum, natural gas) and Non-Conventional (wind and Solar Energy)
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
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Key Topics to Revise
Metallic Minerals: Iron Ore, Manganese, and Bauxite
- India ranks 4th in iron ore, 7th in manganese, and 5th in bauxite production globally.
- Iron ore types: Hematite (up to 68% iron), Magnetite (up to 60% iron), Limonite (35–50% iron).
- Major iron ore producing states: Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Goa.
Conventional Energy Resources
- Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are conventional energy sources.
- Coal contributes 57.5% of India's fossil fuel energy; mainly from Gondwana coal fields.
- Gondwana coal fields are in Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, Godavari, and Wardha valleys.
Non-Conventional Energy Resources
- Solar, wind, and hydel power are renewable and eco-friendly.
- India has 63,894 MW solar capacity; Karnataka leads in solar energy.
- Wind energy capacity is 41,983 MW; Tamil Nadu ranks first.
Conservation of Resources
- Minerals and energy resources are non-renewable and exhaustible.
- Judicious use and sustainable management are essential for future generations.
- Ways to conserve: use public transport, switch off unused devices, use power-saving appliances.
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