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Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography

Quick revision notes for Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Endogenic Movements

  • Endogenic forces originate from within the Earth and cause movements in the crust.
  • They are classified into diastrophic (slow) and sudden movements.
  • Diastrophic movements include epeirogenic (vertical) and orogenic (horizontal) movements.
2

Sudden Movements: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

  • Earthquakes are sudden tremors caused by release of stress along faults or plate boundaries.
  • Focus (hypocenter) is the point inside Earth where quake starts; epicenter is directly above on surface.
  • Most earthquakes occur at plate margins due to tectonic activity.
3

Exogenic Movements: Weathering and Erosion

  • Exogenic forces act on the Earth's surface and include weathering and erosion.
  • Weathering breaks down rocks in place; erosion transports the broken material.
  • Three types of weathering: physical (mechanical), chemical, and biological.
4

Theories of Earth Movements

  • Isostasy explains the balance between Earth's crust and mantle.
  • Airy’s model suggests mountains have deep roots like icebergs; Pratt’s model proposes varying densities with uniform depth.
  • Continental Drift Theory by Wegener proposed that continents were once joined in Pangaea and drifted apart.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

These are internal forces that originateThese are external forces like windIt is the state of gravitationalProposed by Alfred WegenerThe Earth's lithosphere is divided into

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography?
Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 55 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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