Rise Of Magadha –Porus And Concept Of Uniting India – Foreign Invasions: Persian And Greek (Alexander Invasion)
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History
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Topics in Rise Of Magadha –Porus And Concept Of Uniting India – Foreign Invasions: Persian And Greek (Alexander Invasion)
Factors Leading to the Rise of Magadha
- Magadha was located in the fertile Ganga plains with access to iron mines, which boosted agriculture and weapon-making.
- The region had abundant natural resources like iron and copper, enabling strong military equipment and tools for farming.
- Strategic location on major trade routes allowed control over land and river trade, increasing wealth through taxes.
King Porus and Resistance Against Foreign Invasions
- King Porus ruled the Paurava kingdom between the Jhelum (Hydaspes) and Chenab rivers in Punjab.
- He resisted Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspas in 326 BCE.
- Porus used 200 war elephants and a strong infantry, but was outmaneuvered by Alexander’s cavalry.
Foreign Invasions: Persian and Greek
- Persian ruler Darius I annexed parts of northwest India (modern Pakistan) around 518 BCE, making it a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire.
- This region paid tribute and provided resources to Persia but retained local governance.
- Alexander invaded India after defeating Darius III of Persia, entering through the Khyber Pass in 327 BCE.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Rise of Magadha and Resistance to Foreign Invasions
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