India Since 7th century CE And After: Emergence Of Ruling Families And Rise Of Emperor Harshavardhan — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History
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Topics in India Since 7th century CE And After: Emergence Of Ruling Families And Rise Of Emperor Harshavardhan
Political Scenario After the Guptas
- The Gupta Empire's decline led to the rise of regional powers like the Maukharis, Maitrakas, Gaudas, Gurjaras, and Pushyabhutis.
- These ruling families were originally subordinates but declared independence after the Guptas weakened.
- North India became a battleground of regional kingdoms competing for dominance.
Rise of Emperor Harshavardhan
- Harshavardhan belonged to the Pushyabhuti dynasty of Thanesar.
- He became king in 606 CE after the death of his brother Rajyavardhana and sister Rajyasri's husband.
- Harsha expanded his empire from Punjab in the west to Bengal in the east, and up to the Narmada in the south.
Administration and Society Under Harsha
- Harsha's empire was divided into Bhuktis (provinces), Vishayas (districts), and villages as the smallest unit.
- Land revenue (Bhoga) was 1/6th of the produce, collected in kind.
- Other sources of income included Hiranya (cash), Bali (tribute), sales tax, and tolls.
Religious and Cultural Developments
- Harsha initially followed Shaivism but later became a patron of Buddhism.
- He organized religious assemblies every five years to distribute charity and promote interfaith harmony.
- He supported Buddhist institutions and built stupas in Buddha's name.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Rise of Regional Powers and Harshavardhana's Empire
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