Units and Measurements
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Physics
Complete topic list for Units and Measurements in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Units and Measurements
Fundamental and Derived Quantities
- Physical quantities are classified as fundamental (base) or derived.
- Fundamental quantities are independent and form the basis for other quantities. Examples: length, mass, time.
- Derived quantities are expressed in terms of fundamental quantities. Examples: speed, force, energy.
SI Units and Prefixes
- SI (Système International d'Unités) is the globally accepted system of units.
- It is coherent, rational, and metric—multiples and submultiples are powers of 10.
- Common prefixes: kilo (10³), centi (10⁻²), milli (10⁻³), micro (10⁻⁶), nano (10⁻⁹), etc.
Accuracy, Precision, and Errors
- Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.
- Precision refers to how close repeated measurements are to each other.
- Errors are unavoidable in measurements and are of two types: systematic and random.
Significant Figures
- Significant figures are the reliable digits in a measurement including the first uncertain digit.
- Rules: All non-zero digits are significant. Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.
- Trailing zeros after decimal are significant. Leading zeros are not significant.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Measurement in Physics
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