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Thermodynamics — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Physics

What Thermodynamics covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

43 questions30 flashcards4 formulas & key relations4 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics · 2026-27

Topics in Thermodynamics

1

Heat, Temperature, and Thermodynamic Systems

  • Heat is energy transferred between systems due to temperature difference.
  • Temperature determines the direction of heat flow and whether systems are in thermal equilibrium.
  • A thermodynamic system can be open (exchanges mass and energy), closed (exchanges only energy), or isolated (exchanges neither).
2

Thermodynamic Processes and Equilibrium

  • Thermodynamic equilibrium means no net change in macroscopic properties — includes thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium.
  • A thermodynamic process involves a change from one equilibrium state to another.
  • Reversible processes pass through equilibrium states and can be reversed exactly; irreversible ones cannot.
3

Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics

  • Zeroth Law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other — establishes temperature as a measurable property.
  • Internal energy (U) is the total kinetic and potential energy of molecules in a system.
  • Internal energy depends only on the state, not the path taken.
4

Second Law and Carnot Engine

  • Second Law explains the direction of heat flow and limitations on converting heat to work.
  • Kelvin-Planck Statement: No engine can convert all heat into work without rejecting some to a sink.
  • Clausius Statement: Heat cannot flow from cold to hot body without external work.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Thermodynamics

Heat and TemperatureThermodynamic SystemThermodynamic ProcessesLaws of ThermodynamicsInternal EnergyWork in ThermodynamicsIndicator Diagram (P-V Diagram)Phase Changes and Triple Point

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Thermodynamics for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics?
Key topics in Thermodynamics include Heat, Temperature, and Thermodynamic Systems, Thermodynamic Processes and Equilibrium, Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law and Carnot Engine. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Thermodynamics for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 43 practice questions on Thermodynamics. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics Syllabus

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