Current Electricity
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Physics
Complete topic list for Current Electricity in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Current Electricity
Electric Current and Drift Velocity
- Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor.
- Conventional current flows from positive to negative, while electrons move in the opposite direction.
- Current is measured in amperes (A): 1 A = 1 coulomb per second.
Ohm's Law and Resistance
- Ohm’s Law: Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided physical conditions like temperature remain constant.
- V = IR is the mathematical form of Ohm’s law.
- Resistance (R) opposes current flow and depends on material, length, and area of cross-section.
Grouping of Resistors
- In series: same current flows through all resistors; equivalent resistance is sum: R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + ...
- In parallel: same voltage across all resistors; reciprocal of equivalent resistance is sum of reciprocals: 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ...
- Series reduces current; parallel increases total current.
Temperature Dependence and Resistors
- Resistance of metals increases with temperature: R = R₀[1 + α(T − T₀)].
- Temperature coefficient of resistance (α) is positive for metals, negative for semiconductors.
- Alloys like manganin have very low α — used for standard resistors.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Electric Current
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