Adulthood and Aging — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Psychology
What Adulthood and Aging covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Adulthood and Aging
Developmental Tasks in Adulthood
- Developmental tasks are responsibilities or challenges individuals face at different life stages.
- Havighurst identified key tasks for early, middle, and old age.
- Early adulthood tasks include selecting a mate, starting a family, and beginning a career.
Physical Changes During Adulthood and Aging
- Physical decline begins after age 30 at a rate of 0.8–1% per year in organ function.
- External changes include wrinkling skin, greying and thinning hair, tooth loss, and reduced muscle strength.
- Internal changes affect respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems.
Cognitive Changes in Adulthood and Aging
- Cognition includes memory, learning, attention, and intelligence.
- Short-term memory remains stable; long-term and working memory decline with age.
- Older adults perform worse on tasks requiring reverse recall or organization of information.
Adjustment Problems in Old Age
- Older people often face identity crisis after retirement, especially men whose self-worth is tied to jobs.
- Women tend to maintain self-esteem through family roles.
- Happiness levels may decrease due to lack of excitement and purpose.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Adulthood and Aging
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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