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Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Psychology

What Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

45 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Psychology · 2026-27

Topics in Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning

1

Components of Thought Process

  • Thinking is a cognitive process involving mental operations like forming concepts, using mental images, and applying reasoning.
  • Concepts are mental categories that group similar objects, events, or ideas based on shared characteristics.
  • Concepts can be concrete (e.g., table, dog) or abstract (e.g., justice, freedom).
2

Types of Reasoning

  • Reasoning is a mental process used to solve problems, make decisions, and draw conclusions.
  • There are two main types: inductive and deductive reasoning.
  • Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions (e.g., observing several ripe apples and concluding all are ripe).
3

Problem Solving

  • Problem solving begins when there is a gap between what is expected and what is happening.
  • It involves a series of mental steps to reach a goal.
  • The five key steps are: recognition of the problem, gathering data, formulation of hypothesis, verification of hypothesis, and formulation of conclusion.
4

Language and Thought

  • Language and thought are closely connected but not the same.
  • Language acts as a tool for thinking and expressing thoughts.
  • People can think without spoken language—e.g., using mental images or sign language.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Thinking and Reasoning

ThinkingConceptsSchemasMental ImagesReasoningInductive ReasoningDeductive ReasoningDecision Making

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Psychology?
Key topics in Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning include Components of Thought Process, Types of Reasoning, Problem Solving, Language and Thought. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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