Remembering and Forgetting — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Psychology
What Remembering and Forgetting covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Remembering and Forgetting
Memory: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
- Memory involves three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in the brain.
- Storage refers to maintaining encoded information over time.
Types of Memory
- There are three main types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).
- Sensory memory holds information for less than a second and acts as a 'snapshot' of the environment.
- Short-term memory holds about 7±2 items for 20–30 seconds and is highly vulnerable to interference.
Causes of Forgetting
- Forgetting can occur due to decay, interference, lack of sleep, nature of material, motivated forgetting, or failure to store.
- Decay theory suggests memories fade over time if not used.
- Interference includes proactive (old memories disrupt new) and retroactive (new memories disrupt old).
Ways to Improve Memory
- Strong will to learn and attention improve encoding.
- Grouping (chunking) and rhythm help in remembering long sequences.
- Repetition and rehearsal strengthen memory retention.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Memory
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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