Social Stratification, Hierarchy, Inequality and Social Exclusion

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Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in society based on factors like wealth, power, and status. It creates layers where some people have more access to resou…

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The three major dimensions are: (1) Social – based on caste, race, religion, gender; (2) Economic – based on income, wealth, occupation (class); and (3) Political – based on power and influence in dec…

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The caste system is a closed, hereditary system where a person’s social position is determined by birth. It is hierarchical—Brahmins are at the top, Dalits at the bottom. It restricts mobility, enforc…

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1. Hierarchical – castes ranked from high to low. 2. Hereditary – status by birth. 3. Closed group – no mobility. 4. Endogamous – marriage within caste. 5. Occupation-specific – traditional jobs tied …

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Class is based on economic factors like income, wealth, and occupation, while caste is based on birth and religion. Class is more open—people can move up or down through education or jobs. Caste is cl…

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Social hierarchy is the ranking of social groups as superior, inferior, or equal based on status, power, and privilege. It leads to unequal access to resources. For example, in a village, landlords ma…

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Status refers to the respect and honor a person or group receives (e.g., teachers, doctors). Power is the ability to control resources or influence others (e.g., politicians). Both reinforce hierarchy…

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Social inequality is the unequal distribution of resources like wealth, education, healthcare, and power among people. It arises from factors like class, caste, gender, or race. For example, girls in …