Human Health and Disease
CBSE · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of Human Health and Disease for CBSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Human health depends on balanced diet, personal hygiene, regular exercise, clean food and water, vaccination, and control of infections. Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infec
Key Concepts
Health means complete physical
Health means complete physical, mental and social well-being. Disease is a condition in which the functioning of one or more organs or systems is dist
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi; pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae; common cold by rhinoviruses; malaria by Plasm
Plasmodium enters the human body through
Plasmodium enters the human body through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito. It multiplies in liver cells, then attacks red blood cells, c
Innate immunity is a non
Innate immunity is a non-specific defence present from birth. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucus, physiological barriers like stomach a
Acquired immunity is specific and has
Acquired immunity is specific and has memory. The first exposure to a pathogen produces a weak primary response, while later exposure produces a stron
Learning Objectives
- Understand the meaning of health and disease
- Classify diseases into infectious and non-infectious types
- Identify common human diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi and helminths
- Explain innate immunity, acquired immunity, active immunity and passive immunity
- Describe vaccination, immunisation, allergy and autoimmune disease
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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