Work, Livelihood and Career
CBSE · Class 12 · Home Science
Quick revision notes for Work, Livelihood and Career — CBSE Class 12 Home Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Meaning of Work, Job, Career, and Calling
- Work is an essential activity performed for a purpose or out of necessity.
- Work helps a person fit into society, use talents and skills, learn, grow, and develop identity and belongingness.
- Work is central to society and is described as the oil that lubricates the machine of society.
2. Traditional Occupations and Livelihoods in India
- Almost 70 per cent of India's population lives in rural areas, so farming is the largest source of employment.
- India is the largest producer of cashew nut, coconut, milk, ginger, turmeric, and black pepper in the world.
- Traditional occupations include agriculture, fishing, handicrafts, weaving, embroidery, crafts, local foods, and visual arts.
3. Work, Gender, and Women at Work
- Sex is a biological categorisation, while gender is based on social identity.
- Gender is socially constructed through social and cultural practices passed from generation to generation.
- India's Supreme Court has recognised transgender people as a third gender.
4. Rights, Laws, and Government Measures for Women
- Article 16(1) of the Constitution of India guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of employment and appointment under the state.
- The Constitution also supports just and humane working conditions for women and protection from exploitation.
- Acts safeguarding women's constitutional rights include the Factories Act of 1948, the Plantation Labour Act of 1951, the Mines Act of 1952, the ESI Act, and the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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