Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
ICSE · Class 10 · Chemistry
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Gas Laws and Standard Conditions
- Boyle's law: volume is inversely proportional to pressure when amount of gas and temperature are constant.
- Charles' law: volume is directly proportional to temperature when amount of gas and pressure are constant.
- Gay Lussac's pressure-temperature law: pressure is directly proportional to temperature when amount of gas and volume are constant.
Gay Lussac's Law and Avogadro's Law
- Gay Lussac's law of combining volumes was given in 1808.
- When gases react, their volumes combine in simple whole number ratios if measured under identical conditions of temperature and pressure.
- Example: hydrogen and chlorine react in the ratio 1:1:2 to form hydrogen chloride.
Atomicity of Elementary Gases
- Atomicity is the number of atoms present in one molecule of a substance.
- He, Ne, Ar and Kr are monoatomic molecules.
- H2, O2, N2, Cl2 and Br2 are diatomic molecules.
Relative Atomic Mass, Average Atomic Mass and Mass of Atoms
- Relative atomic mass compares the mass of an atom with a standard atom.
- One atomic mass unit is 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C12.
- In 1961, C12 was adopted as the standard for atomic mass unit scale.
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