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Chemical Bonding — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 10 · Chemistry

What Chemical Bonding covers in ICSE Class 10 Chemistry: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 10 Chemistry syllabus.

44 questions50 flashcards9 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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An infographic explaining the Octet Rule (atoms tend to achieve 8 valence electrons) and Duplet Rule (atoms like H, Li tend to achieve 2 valence electrons, like Helium), with simple examples of atoms
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4 Topics · ICSE Class 10 Chemistry · 2026-27

Topics in Chemical Bonding

1

1. Why atoms combine

  • Atoms are rarely found free in nature; they usually combine to form molecules and compounds.
  • A chemical bond may be ionic, covalent, coordinate or metallic in nature.
  • Atoms combine because a less stable system tends to become more stable and move to a state of lower energy.
2

2. Ionic or electrovalent bonding

  • Electrovalent bond or ionic bond is formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.
  • The atom that loses electrons becomes a cation, and the atom that gains electrons becomes an anion.
  • Ionic bonding usually happens between a metal and a non-metal.
3

3. Formation of important ionic compounds

  • KCl forms when potassium loses one electron and chlorine gains one electron.
  • NaCl forms when sodium loses one electron to attain the configuration of neon, while chlorine gains one electron to attain the configuration of argon.
  • MgCl2 forms because one magnesium atom loses two electrons, and two chlorine atoms accept one electron each.
4

4. Covalent bonding

  • A covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between atoms of similar or almost similar electronegativity.
  • The shared electrons are contributed equally by both atoms.
  • Covalent bonding explains molecules such as H2, N2, O2, Cl2 and CH4 where ionic theory fails.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Chemical bonding as the force that holds atoms together through electron transfer, sharing, or coordinate donation to achieve stable electronic configuration

Cause of chemical combinationKossel and Lewis approachOctet ruleTypes of chemical bondsElectrovalent or ionic bondingIonic compoundsStructures of ionic compoundsCovalent bonding

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Chemical Bonding for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry?
Key topics in Chemical Bonding include Why atoms combine, Ionic or electrovalent bonding, Formation of important ionic compounds, Covalent bonding. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Chemical Bonding for the ICSE Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 44 practice questions on Chemical Bonding. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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