Factors Promoting The Growth of National and Foundation of The Indian National Congress
ICSE · Class 10 · History & Civics
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Main Factors Behind the Rise of Nationalism
- British economic exploitation weakened Indian trade, industry, and agriculture.
- Raw material was exported cheaply to England, while manufactured goods from England were sold in India at high prices.
- Cottage industries declined, artisans suffered, and many workers faced poverty.
Repressive Colonial Policies of Lord Lytton and Lord Ripon
- Lord Lytton was Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880.
- The Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 proclaimed Queen Victoria as Empress of India during a terrible famine in south India.
- The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 restricted vernacular newspapers but did not apply to English newspapers.
Predecessors of the Indian National Congress
- Local political associations prepared the ground for an all-India organisation.
- Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association in London in 1866.
- The East India Association aimed to place the true state of India before the people of England.
Social and Cultural Forces Supporting Nationalism
- Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
- Rammohan Roy is known as the father of Indian Nationalism.
- He started the Bengali weekly Samvad Kaumudi in 1821 and later the Persian paper Mirat-ul-Akbar.
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