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Principles and Processes of Biotechnology

ICSE · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Principles and Processes of Biotechnology — ICSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

59 questions34 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the EFB's definition of biotechnology as 'The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services.'
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Definition, History & Pioneers

  • Biotechnology = use of living organisms/their products for benefit of mankind
  • Term coined by: Karoley Ereky, 1919 (Hungarian engineer)
  • Two core principles: (1) Genetic Engineering, (2) Bioprocess Engineering
2

Restriction Enzymes (Molecular Scissors)

  • Restriction endonucleases: cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences
  • First restriction enzyme: HindII (from Haemophilus influenzae Rd)
  • Nobel Prize 1978: Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, Daniel Nathan
3

Cloning Vectors

  • Features of ideal vector: ori (origin of replication), selectable marker, cloning sites/MCS, small size
  • pBR322: 4362 bp circular plasmid; has ampR + tetR + ori + rop gene
  • pBR322 restriction sites: BamHI (in tetR), HindIII, SalI, PvuII, PstI (in ampR), EcoRI, ClaI
4

Processes of rDNA Technology

  • DNA Isolation: lyse cells with lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plants), chitinase (fungi)
  • Remove RNA: treat with RNase; remove protein: treat with protease
  • Precipitate DNA: add chilled ethanol → DNA spools out (spooling)

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Biotechnology was coined by Karoley ErekyRestriction endonucleases recognise specific palindromic DNAVectors carry foreign DNA into hostStep 1Medicine

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Principles and Processes of Biotechnology for ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Principles and Processes of Biotechnology covers several key topics that are frequently asked in ICSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Principles and Processes of Biotechnology — ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 59 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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