Principles and Processes of Biotechnology — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
50 flashcards for Principles and Processes of Biotechnology (ICSE Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is biotechnology?
Answer
Biotechnology is the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences concerned with the exploitation of microorganisms, cells, nuclei, plants, animals, chromosomes, genes, or their enzymes fo…
Who coined the term biotechnology, and when?
Answer
The term biotechnology was coined by Karoley Ereky in 1919. He is called the father of biotechnology.
What are the two core techniques that enabled modern biotechnology?
Answer
Modern biotechnology is based on genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering. Genetic engineering changes genetic material and transfers desired genes into a host, while bioprocess engineering main…
What is genetic engineering?
Answer
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of DNA to change its structure. It includes creating recombinant DNA, gene cloning, and gene transfer to alter the phenotype or expression of genes in an organi…
What is recombinant DNA technology?
Answer
Recombinant DNA technology means combining DNA from two different organisms to generate recombinant DNA. It is also called genetic engineering and produces chimeric DNA because material from two diffe…
Why is recombinant DNA called chimeric DNA?
Answer
Recombinant DNA is called chimeric DNA because it contains material from two different species. The DNA fragments are joined to form one new molecule with combined genetic material.
What three basic steps are needed to genetically modify an organism?
Answer
The three basic steps are: identification of DNA with desirable genes; introduction of the identified DNA into the host; and maintenance of the introduced DNA in the host with transfer to its progeny.
What are restriction enzymes?
Answer
Restriction enzymes are molecular scissors or chemical scalpels that cut DNA at specific sites into fragments containing identifiable genes. They help in cutting both the donor DNA and the vector DNA …
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