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Biotechnology and its Applications

ICSE · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Biotechnology and its Applications — ICSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

60 questions38 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the diverse applications of biotechnology, including therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, bioremediation, and waste treatment.
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Biotechnology in Agriculture

  • Food grain production almost tripled due to the Green Revolution, but it was still not enough for the growing population.
  • Genetically modified crops are made by inserting desired gene(s) into plant cells using genetic engineering.
  • Transgenic crop techniques allow transfer of any gene from any organism, including chemically synthesised genes.
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2. Bt Cotton and Cry Proteins

  • Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium that produces an insecticidal Cry protein or Bt toxin.
  • The gene that produces the lethal protein is cloned from the bacterium and transferred into cotton to produce Bt cotton.
  • Bt cotton is resistant to insect larvae.
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3. Pest-Resistant Plants and RNA Interference

  • Crop plants are damaged not only by insect pests but also by nematode parasites.
  • Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode parasite that infests tobacco roots.
  • RNA interference or RNAi was used to make tobacco resistant to Meloidogyne incognita.
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4. Biotechnology in Health and Medicine

  • Biotechnology helps in production of safe therapeutic drugs, vaccines, growth hormones, diagnosis of disease, gene therapy, and powerful vaccines.
  • About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use throughout the world.
  • In India, 12 recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.

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Key Concepts

Genetically modified crops carry artificially insertedBt cotton is a genetically modifiedBacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline insecticidal ...RNA interferenceThe nematode Meloidogyne incognita infests tobacco

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biotechnology and its Applications for ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Biotechnology and its Applications include Biotechnology Applications Overview, RNAi Mechanism for Nematode Control, Recombinant Human Insulin — Detailed Production Process. These are the concepts ICSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Biotechnology and its Applications — ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 60 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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