Concept Of Production And Production Function — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 12 · Economics
What Concept Of Production And Production Function covers in ICSE Class 12 Economics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Concept Of Production And Production Function
1. Concept of Production
- Production is a process in which some materials are transformed from one form to other.
- Production also means creation of utility.
- Utility can be created by changing the form of a commodity, such as a carpenter converting wood into a table or a potter converting mud into utensils.
2. Production Function
- Production function is a functional relationship between physical inputs and physical output of a firm.
- It is a purely physical-technical relation and has nothing to do with money value of output or prices of factors.
- Production function is expressed with reference to a particular period of time because input and output are flow variables.
3. Fixed Factors and Variable Factors
- Factors of production are grouped into fixed factors and variable factors.
- Fixed factors are factors whose quantity cannot be changed during the short run.
- Fixed factors are not directly related to the level of output.
4. Short Run and Long Run
- Short run refers to a period in which output can be changed only by changing the quantity of variable factors.
- In the short run, fixed inputs cannot be changed.
- Long run refers to a period in which output can be changed by changing all factors of the production.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Production and Production Function
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