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Syllabus

Drainage — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Geography

What Drainage covers in ICSE Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Geography syllabus.

44 questions38 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Drainage

1

1. Evolution of Indian Drainage

  • The present drainage of India is the result of a long process of evolution.
  • Two broad divisions are recognised on the basis of evolution: Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
  • Himalayan rivers are typical examples of antecedent drainage because they existed before the Himalayas were fully formed.
2

2. Himalayan River System

  • The Himalayan river system includes the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra systems.
  • Himalayan rivers are long, have large basins, and are perennial because they receive water from both snow-melt and rainfall.
  • They form deep gorges, meanders, and large deltas.
3

3. Indus Drainage System

  • The Indus system comprises the Indus and its five main tributaries: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj.
  • The Indus rises in Tibet at an altitude of 5,180 metres near Manasarowar Lake.
  • It flows through Ladakh, Baltistan, and Gilgit, emerges at Attock, and reaches the Arabian Sea east of Karachi.
4

4. Ganga Drainage System

  • The Ganga drainage system includes the Ganga and tributaries such as Yamuna, Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandak, Ramganga, Mahaganga, and Kosi.
  • The Ganga rises in Garhwal Himalayas in Uttarakhand at an altitude of 6,600 metres.
  • The river acquires its name after Alaknanda and Bhagirathi unite at Devaprayag.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Drainage of India

Evolution of Indian drainageHimalayan river systemPeninsular river systemIndus drainage systemGanga drainage systemBrahmaputra drainage systemRivers flowing into the Bay of BengalRivers flowing into the Arabian Sea

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Drainage for ICSE Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Drainage include Evolution of Indian Drainage, Himalayan River System, Indus Drainage System, Ganga Drainage System. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Drainage for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 44 practice questions on Drainage. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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